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Worry and Brain Fitness

An interesting article appeared in the New York Times over the weekend. The article by Katie Hafner is titled “Exercise Your Brain or Else You’ll . . .Uh . . .” You can find the original article here (registration is required, but is free).

The article recounts several incidents in which people over 50 had troubling memory problems. One man, for example, couldn’t remember his own address when he went to send a package, and a woman who couldn’t locate her cell phone later found it in the refrigerator. Do these kinds of memory lapses mean that these persons have serious memory problems? The answer is, “It depends.” One memory lapse doesn’t mean very much. But a pattern of memory problems over a period to time may mean that someone’s memory isn’t as good as it used to be. Even if that’s true, though, it doesn’t necessarily mean that a person has a serious brain illness such as Alzheimer’s disease. Only a complete evaluation by a well-trained clinician can make that decision.

One issue the article highlights is how people over 50 or so may be more concerned than younger people about memory lapses. Put simply, people over 50 are more likely to worry about brain fitness. I have the pleasure of working with several young people in the Center on Aging. I notice that they may have memory lapses, but they don’t worry about them nearly as much as some of the people who come to our Memory Disorders Clinic for evaluation of their memory. They’re young, and if they forget something they don’t automatically worry about it. For them, it’s just a lapse. For someone over 50, the same kind of lapse is ground for worry. I’m not suggesting that if you’re over 50 and you’re worried (or your spouse and family are worried) about your memory you shouldn’t do something about it. I am suggesting that people over 50 may worry more about their memories. The New York Times article goes on to talk about how worry about cognitive fitness and cognitive decline or memory problems is feeding interest in brain fitness software.

If you’re worried about your memory, the best thing to do is find a qualified clinician who can complete a screening evaluation. Tests of memory and other cognitive abilities can help you find out where you stand in relation to other persons who are similar to you. This can help you decide whether your memory problem needs to be treated. And if you have a memory problem, a knowledgeable clinician may help you find out what’s causing it. Some memory problems are caused by problems such as mood problems, stress, or other treatable conditions. Getting the treatment you need may help.

Exercise, Physical Activity, and Brain Fitness

No matter what you believe about computer-based cognitive training and what it can do for you (see previous post), it’s pretty clear that computer training isn’t the only answer to the question of how to keep your brain fit as you get older. Exercise and physical activity are pretty clearly related to cognitive function in people over 50. There are even some prospective studies that show that increasing physical activity can improve your mental abilities.

A recent update to a systematic review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews once again confirms this (Angevaren, M., et al., Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, 2008). Animal studies have shown that exercise has multiple physical effects on basic biological processes that can improve memory and cognition. Improved aerobic fitness (being able to do things like walking, running, or swimming) increases blood flow to the brain as well as the body’s ability to get oxygen from the blood. Exercise also activates substances called growth factors in the body. These factors causes cells to grow, and may increase the number of blood vessels in the brain. Human research shows that similar mechanisms may be at work in older adults.

Several meta-analyses (special studies that look at the results of multiple studies all at once) have shown a relation of physical activity of mental abilities including memory. Although many of these studies are correlational (this means that they show us which factor causes the improvement), there are also some prospective studies of exercise in older adults. These have shown that people who improve their physical fitness also improve their mental fitness. Brain fitness is more than computer-based training.

Brain Fitness

Brain Training Study Off the Ground!

computer with apple for teacher

After overcoming a number of obstacles, our study of the effects of cognitive training on fluid intelligence has finally started. We’re enrolling participants from our local Life Long Learning Program, all of whom are 50 years or older. In the study, we are comparing the effects of working memory training …

Changes in Brain Size with Aging

Picture of chimpanzee

Understanding brain aging has to be research priority. The average age of people in the US is increasing. This means that there are more older people at risk for diseases that occur as people get older, such as Alzheimer’s. In people, the size of the brain decreases as they get …

Exercise, Mitochondrial DNA, and Brain Fitness

Mouse on white background

One very influential theory of why our physical and mental functions decline with age holds that changes in our DNA accumulate over time so that out cells don’t work any more. Perhaps the most important part of our DNA exists in every cell in a special part called the mitochondia. …

The Default Mode Network and Brain Fitness

Man sleeping on grass

If brain fitness is more than just trying to avoid memory loss as you get older (and I think it is), then understanding how you think is (I think) critical. Sometimes called metacognition, this means not just thinking, but thinking about thinking. Follow that? Metacognition is the idea that we …

Mindfulness Meditation, Brain Fitness, and Gray Matter

Buddhist monk looking out over the forest

Most people know that the brain is smaller with age, at least in part due to loss of brain cells in parts of the brain related to perception, memory, and executive processes. Anything that can slow down or reverse the process should be of interest to all of us, whatever our age. …

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